*1930 Topolčany, Slovakia – † 2011 Praha, Czechia
The early Dutch painting of the time of the van Eyck brothers‘ activity became a crucial topic for J. Vacková. In 1974, in her essay Současně metodické přístupy ke Gentskému oltáři (Contemporary Methodological Approaches to the Ghent Altarpiece), she sought to trace „the quite concrete artistic testimony of a certain historical constellation“. In doing so, she is particularly attentive to commissioning relationships and traces in Eyck’s painting expression of explicitly regal ideas shortly after the Council of Constance: „A personality with such a background needed to concretise his ideas in a large, prestigious work of art'“. Thinking about the relationship between a work of art and its political context then leads Vacková to trace the possible relationship of this context to the Czech history of the 15th century.
In 1977, she continued this line of research and published the essay Abstrakce a konkretizace v uměleckém díle, poznámky k eyckovskému malířství (Abstraction and Concretization in the Work of Art, Notes to the Eyck’s paintings). At that time, tracing the iconography of Eyck’s painting led her to trace the links of the Czech environment to the background of Eyck’s painting and the question, „What stylistic means does a supreme work of art use to reflect the state and spiritual content of its society?“.

Jarmila Vacková in 1990s, source: Umění 43, 1995, s. 592
She eventually concluded the whole problem in 1982, together with the most important historian of the Hussite period, František Šmahel, with the study Odezva husitských Čech v evropském malířství 15. století (The Echo of Hussite Bohemia in 15th century European Painting). The relationship between historical and art-historical methods is complementary here. Jarmila Vacková, elsewhere in her works, postulates the method of historical probes, which would be planted in a sensitive place by an art historian. She has arrived at a similar approach (mostly in collaboration with Dr. J. Hořejší) when researching Bohemian Jagiellonian art. Based mainly on her experience from the Polish iconographic literature, both researchers attempt to trace the specifically courtly Jagiellonian culture in Prague.
Crucial for Vacková was her acquaintance with the work of the Dutch cultural historian Johan Huizinga and his imaginative approach to historical facts. In 1978, Vacková began work on a plan to prepare a corpus of Dutch paintings in Czechoslovak collections, which would lead to their publication in the Brussels Répertoire „Les Primitifs flamands“. She continuously published new findings, whether it was in her studies Dynastie „Brueghelů“. Adenda Bohemica (Dynasty of Bruegels – Addenda bohemica, 1982), Čtyři antverpští manýristé (The Four Mannerists of Antwerp, 1984), Flámští „primitivové“ v československých sbírkách (Flemish „Primitives“ in Czechoslovak Collections, 1985) or Některé málo známé nizozemské obrazy v československých sbírkách (Some Little Known Dutch Paintings of the 16th century, 1977).
Ten years later, not only the Brussels Répertoire was published, but above all, Vacková published a monumentally conceived synthesis of Dutch painting of the 15th and 16th centuries (Nizozemské malířství 15. a 16. století. Československé sbírky, 1989). Vacková’s methodological approach is also clearly characterised in the introduction. She clarified that her subject matter defies methodological orthodoxy or a prioriism. Gradually, she questions the genetic and iconographic approach and then characterises her approach as an inevitable continuation and enrichment of the cultural-historical method if she applies „historical methods in their totality“. This resonates very closely with France’s „new historical school“ position. Finally, in 2005, she published a monograph on Jan van Eyck, the Czech author’s first scholarly and analytical treatment of his work (Van Eyck, Praha, Academia, 2005).
Based on a text by Jiří Kroupa in Umění XLIII, 1985, p. 592-594.
Selected bibliography of Jarmila Vacková
- Pozdně renesanční malované epitafy v Brně. Umění VIII, 1960, p. 587-600.
- Les Difficultées et la Fleur tardive de la Renaissance en Bohême, in: Ze Studiów nad Sztuka XVI wieku na Sląsku i w krajach sąslednich. Wroclaw 1968, p. 43f.
- An der Wende des Zeitalterp. Alte und moderne Kunst XCVII, 1968, p. 2-12. (together with J. Hořejší).
- A classical Motiv, in: Antiquitas Graeco-Romana ac Tempora nostra. Acta Congressus internationalis habiti Brunae diebus 12-16 Mensis Aprilis MCMLXVI. Pragae Academia 1968, p. 463-468.
- Epitafní obrazy v předbělohorských Čechách. Umění XIX, 1969, p. 131-155.
- Jagellonec na českém trůně. Umění XIX, 1971, p. 431. (Together with J. Hořejší).
- Zvěstování pastýřům od Abrahama Bloemaerta. Umění XIX, 1971, p. 519-522.
- Reflets de l’italianisme dans la peinture de Bohême vers 1500, in: Actes du XXII Congres international d’histoire de l’art. Budapest 1972, p. 645-648.
- Obrazový cyklus od Fredericka van Valckenborch (?) Umění XX, 1972, p. 370-375.
- Některé aspekty jagellonského dvorského umění. Umění XXI, p. 496-512. (Together with J. Hořejší).
- Chefs d’oeuvres de Prague 1450-1750. (Exhibition Catalogue, with other authors.) Brugge-Groenige-museum. (29 juin-30 octobre 1974).
- Současné metodické přístupy ke Gentskému oltáři. Umění XXII, 1974, p. 432-453.
- Some Additional Notes Concerning the Charles de Croy-Manuscripts at Prague. Jaarboek Koninklijk Museum voor schone Kunsten-Antwerpen, 1976, p. 281-295.
- Abstrakce a konkretizace v uměleckém díle (Poznámky k eyckovskému malířství), Umění XXV, 1977, p. 351-358
- Three Late-Sixteenth Century Netherlandish Epitaphs at Brno. Jaarboek Koninklijk Museum voor schone Kunsten-Antwerpen 1978, p. 51-61.
- Die Hofkunst zur Zeit der Jagellonen-Herrschaft in Böhmen, in: Die Kunst der Renaissance und Manierismus in Böhmen. Praha, Artia 1979, p. 15-48. (Together with J. Hořejší).
- Arts in Bohemia under the Jagiellos, in: Renaissance Art in Bohemia, London – New York , Hamlyn, 1979 (Together with J. Hořejší).
- Program monumentalnego malarstwa wstylu dworskim za panovania Wladyslawa Jagiellończyka, in: Sztuka i ideologie XV. wieku. Warszawa 1979, p. 427-439.
- The Imperial Room in the Castle at Bučovice in Moravia. Jaarboek Koninklijk Museum voor schone Kunsten-Antwer-pen 1979, p. 227-247.
- Early Netherlandish Painting commenting the contempo-rary historical Reality in Bohemia, in: Ars Auro Prior. Essays presented in Honor of Professor Jan Białostocki. Warszawa, PAN 1981, p. 179-185.
- Dynastie „Brueghelů“. Adenda Bohemica. Umění XXX, 1982, p. 1-20.
- Odezva husitských Čech v evropském malířství 15. století. Umění XXX, 1982, p. 308-340. (Together with F. Šmahelem).
- Hussitische Allusion in der europäischen Malerei des 16. Jahrhunderts, in: Von der Macht der Bilder. Leipzig 1983, p. 343-349.
- Čtyři antverpští manýristé. Umění XXXII, 1984, p. 121-131.
- Hodinky tzv. školy Gent-Bruggy Universitní knihovny v Praze. Umění XXXII, 1984, p. 467-470.
- Répertoire Les Primitifs flamands II. Collections de Tchécoslovaquie. Répertoire du quinzieme siecle 4. Bruxelles 1985, 135 p., 55 tab. (Together with M. Comblen-Sonkesovou).
- Flámští „primitivové“ v československých sbírkách. Umění XXXIII, 1985, p. 219-242.
- Některé málo známé nizozemské obrazy v československých sbírkách. Umění XXXVI, 1988, p. 489-510.
- Nizozemské malířství 15. a 16. století. Československé sbírky. Praha, Academia 1989,
- Hieronymus Bosch. Dvanáctiltý Ježíš v chrámu. Originál? Replika? Kopie? (Exhibition Catalogue, Praha Národní galerie, Šternberský palác 12. 4.-29. 5. 94) (Together with V. a T. Bergrovými).
- Van Eyck, Praha, Academia, 2005